View source for Luon

According to [[w:quantum mechanics|quantum mechanics]] energy in physical systems cannot be exchanged in arbitrarily small portions, but is quantised.
A single [[w:elementary particle|elementary particle]] is an example for such a [[w:quantum|quantum]]. In a ''many body system'' energy cannot only be carried by individual elementary particles, but also by their collective movement. The elementary quanta of these [[w:collective excitations|collective excitations]] or "plasma waves" often behave as if they were actual particles themselves and are usually referred to as [[w:quasiparticles|quasiparticles]]. Well-known examples of this behaviour are [[w:phonons|phonons]] or [[w:plasmons|plasmons]]. A ''luon'' is a hypothetical quasiparticle that can be interpreted as collective excitation of [[w:scalar fields|scalar fields]] in a hot plasma.<ref name=NovelCollective>
{{cite journal
 |author1=Marco Drewes
 |year=2014
 |title=Novel collective excitations in a hot scalar field theory
 |journal=Physics Letters B
 |volume=732 |issue=C |pages=127–136
 |arxiv=1311.6641
 |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2014.03.019}}</ref> Since numerous scalar fields appear in many extensions of the [[w:Standard Model|Standard Model]] of [[w:particle physics|particle physics]], luons could play a role in the [[w:early universe|early universe]] at very high temperatures. However, it is difficult to confirm their existence in nature. The only elementary scalar field the existence of which is supported by experimental data is the [[w:Higgs field|Higgs field]]. The creation of a plasma of [[w:Higgs bosons|Higgs bosons]] in the laboratory would require temperatures of more than <math> 10^{15} </math> [[w:Kelvin|Kelvin]] because of their large mass of 125 GeV. This problem is even more severe for the even heavier hypothetical scalar fields in theories of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.

==References==
<references />

<!--- After listing your sources please cite them using inline citations and place them after the information they cite. Please see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --->
*
*
*
*

<!--- STOP! Be warned that by using this process instead of Articles for Creation, this article is subject to scrutiny. As an article in "mainspace", it will be DELETED if there are problems, not just declined. If you wish to use AfC, please return to the Wizard and continue from there. --->

[[Category:Physics]]