View source for Quintessence (Planck unit)

'''Quintessence = sqrt(velocity/mass) as a 5th and principal Planck unit'''

The '''MKSA''' system of units is a physical [[w:system of measurement |system of measurement]] that uses the [[w:meter |meter]], [[w:kilogram |kilogram]], [[w:second |second]] and [[w:ampere |ampere]] (MKSA) as [[w:Base unit (measurement)|base unit]]s and forms the base of the [[w:International System of Units|SI International System of Units]]. As [[w:Planck units |Planck units]] these would constitute [[w:Planck mass |Planck mass]], [[w:Planck length |Planck length]], [[w:Planck time |Planck time]], [[w:Planck charge |Planck ampere]]. Quintessence as a Planck unit would be characterized by encompassing the 4 MKSA Planck units (i.e.: being that unit from which the 4 MKSA units may be derived), thus qualifying as a 5th Planck unit in the classical elements sense.



== Quintessence historical == 

=== Quintessence ===
According to ancient and [[w:History of science in the Middle Ages|medieval science]], '''quintessence''' (quinta essentia or fifth element), also called '''aether''', '''æther''', '''aither''', or '''ether''', is the material that fills the region above the [[w:Sublunary sphere|terrestrial sphere]].  Believing that the movements of the heavenly bodies are continuous, natural and circular, and that the natural movements of the four terrestrial elements ([[w:Water (classical element)|water]], [[w:Earth (classical element)|earth]], [[w:Fire (classical element)|fire]], [[w:Air (classical element)|air]]) are rectilinear and discontinuous, Aristotle concluded that the heavenly bodies must be composed of a fifth element, aither [sic] <ref>Lloyd, G. E. R. (1968), Aristotle: The Growth and Structure of his Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr., pp. 133–139, {{ISBN|0-521-09456-9}},.</ref>


=== Classical elements ===
{{main|w:Classical elements}}
'''Classical elements''' typically refer to [[w:Water (classical element)|water]], [[w:Earth (classical element)|earth]], [[w:Fire (classical element)|fire]], [[w:Air (classical element)|air]], and (later) [[w:Aether (classical element)|aether]], which were proposed to explain the nature and complexity of all matter in terms of simpler substances. <ref name="Boyd2003">{{cite book |first=T.J.M. |last=Boyd |first2=J.J. |last2=Sanderson |year=2003 |title=The Physics of Plasmas |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521459129 |lccn=2002024654 |url=https://archive.org/details/physicsofplasmas0000boyd |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/physicsofplasmas0000boyd/page/1 1]}}</ref><ref name="Ball2004">{{cite book |first=P. |last=Ball |year=2004 |title=The Elements: A Very Short Introduction |series=Very Short Introductions |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=9780191578250 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uaBczzC4wvIC&pg=PT33 |page=33}}</ref> Ancient cultures in [[w:Ancient Greece|Greece]], [[w:Ancient Egypt]], [[w:Iran|Persia]], [[w:Babylonia]], [[w:Ancient Japan|Japan]], [[w:Tibet#Early history|Tibet]], and [[w:Ancient India|India]] had all similar lists, sometimes referring in local languages to "air" as "wind" and the fifth element as "void".  The Chinese [[w:Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)|Wu Xing]] system lists [[w:Wood (Wu Xing)|Wood]] ([[wiktionary:木|木]] ''mù''), [[w:Fire (Wu Xing)|Fire]] ([[wiktionary:火|火]] ''huǒ''), [[w:Earth (Wu Xing)|Earth]] ([[wiktionary:土|土]] ''tǔ''), [[w:Metal (Wu Xing)|Metal]] ([[wiktionary:金|金]] ''jīn''), and [[w:Water (Wu Xing)|Water]] ([[wiktionary:水|水]] ''shuǐ''), though these are described more as energies or transitions rather than as types of material.  These five elements have been associated since Plato's [[w:Timaeus (dialogue)|''Timaeus'']] with the five [[w:platonic solid]]s.


==== Platonic solids ==== 
{{main|w:Platonic solid}}
In Timaeus, Plato talks about the five, and only five, possible regular solids – those with equivalent faces and with all lines and angles, formed by those faces, equal. They are the four-sided tetrahedron (fire), the six-sided hexahedron or cube (earth), the eight-sided octahedron (air), the twelve-sided dodecahedron (quintessence), and the twenty-sided icosahedron (water).

{| border style="margin: 1em auto; text-align: center; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1pt solid #aaa;"
| [[w:Tetrahedron]] || [[w:Cube]] || [[w:Octahedron]] || [[w:Regular dodecahedron|Dodecahedron]] || [[w:Regular icosahedron|Icosahedron]]
|-<!--PLEASE DO NOT SWAP THE DODECAHEDRON AND ICOSAHEDRON, THE NAMES CURRENTLY GIVEN ARE CORRECT-->
|Four faces
|Six faces
|Eight faces
|Twelve faces
|Twenty faces
|- style="vertical-align: bottom;"
| width=120| [[Image:Tetrahedron.svg|80px]]<br />
<small>([[:image:tetrahedron.gif|Animation]])</small><br />
<small>([[:image:tetrahedron.stl|3D model]])</small>
| width=120 style="padding-top: 4pt;"|[[Image:Hexahedron.svg|80px]]<br />
<small>([[:image:hexahedron.gif|Animation]])</small><br />
<small>([[:image:hexahedron.stl|3D model]])</small>
| width=120|[[Image:Octahedron.svg|80px]]<br />
<small>([[:image:octahedron.gif|Animation]])</small><br />
<small>([[:image:octahedron.stl|3D model]])</small>
| width=120|[[Image:Dodecahedron.svg|80px]]<br />
<small>([[:image:dodecahedron.gif|Animation]])</small><br />
<small>([[:image:dodecahedron.stl|3D model]])</small>
| width=120|[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|80px]]<br />
<small>([[:image:icosahedron.gif|Animation]])</small><br />
<small>([[:image:Icosahedron.stl|3D model]])</small>
|}


==== Godai (Japanese philosophy) ====
{{main|w:Godai_(Japanese_philosophy)}} 
'''Godai''', {{nihongo||五大||lit. "five – great, large, physical, form"}} five elements philosophy in Japan is derived from Buddhist ''[[w:dharma]]'' and [[w:traditional Chinese medicine|traditional Chinese medical]] doctrine that traveled from China throughout east Asia to Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kampo Medicine: The Practice of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Japan|url=http://www.itmonline.org/arts/kampo.htm|access-date=2020-11-24|website=www.itmonline.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=East Asian Buddhist Studies: A Reference Guide|url=https://www.international.ucla.edu/buddhist/article/187139|access-date=2020-11-24|website=www.international.ucla.edu}}</ref>

The Japanese Buddhist ''Godai'' is attributed to [[w:Vajrayana#Japanese Esotericism|esoteric Japanese Buddhism]] during the tenth century CE under the name of ''gorin'' (the "five wheels" or the "five rings"). ''Godai'' and ''gorin'' is also seen within the practice of ''[[w:ninjutsu]]'', where these principles became an essential aspect of the esoteric ninja teachings (the ''[[w:Mikkyō|ninpo-mikkyo]]'') whereas the theory of ''gogyo'' moved into the functional theory of traditional Japanese medicine and exoteric Buddhism.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baracco|first=Luciano|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3x5T23r6nUUC&pg=PA154|title=National Integration and Contested Autonomy: The Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua|date=2011|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0-87586-823-3|language=en}}</ref>

The ''godai'' is a static or inert philosophical understanding of the traditional Japanese elements and study, similar to the Greek [[w:classical element]]s. The four main elements or building blocks are Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, and Void is non substantial.<ref>{{Cite web|title=East Asian Buddhist Studies: A Reference Guide|url=https://www.international.ucla.edu/buddhist/article/187139|access-date=2020-11-27|website=www.international.ucla.edu}}</ref>

{{Quote|[In [[w:Mikkyō|mikkyo]] it is taught that] All physical aspects of existence originate from a common source and can be classified in of the ''godai'' five elemental manifestations of physical. ''Chi'', or the earth, symbolizes solid matter. ''Sui'', the water, symbolizes liquids. ''Ka'', the fire, is the symbol of combustion, or the elements in an energy-releasing state. ''Fu'', the wind, symbolizes gases. ''Ku'', the void, is representative of the formless subatomic energy that is the basis for the structure of all things. |[[Stephen K. Hayes]]<ref name="Hayes">Hayes, Stephen K. (1981/2003). ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Warrior_Ways_of_Enlightenment/HmLbM3R3p_cC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=godai+elements&pg=PA26&printsec=frontcover Warrior Ways of Enlightenment, Vol. 2]'', p.26. Ohara Publications, Santa Clarita, California. 22nd edition. {{ISBN|0-89750-077-6}}</ref>}}


=== Fifth element === 
{{main|w:Aether_(classical_element)#Fifth_element}}
In [[Plato]]'s ''[[w:Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' (58d) speaking about air, Plato mentions that "there is the most translucent kind which is called by the name of aether (αἰθήρ)"<ref>[[Plato]],  ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=1C8F72843B9D65CB4C634D700A6E694C?doc=Plat.+Tim.+58d 58d].</ref> but otherwise he adopted the classical system of four elements. [[w:Aristotle]], who had been Plato's student at the [[w:Akademia|Academy]], agreed on this point with his former mentor, emphasizing additionally that fire has sometimes been mistaken for aether. However, in his Book ''[[w:On the Heavens]]'' he introduced a new "first" element to the system of the [[w:classical element]]s of [[w:Ionian School (philosophy)|Ionian]] [[w:Greek philosophy|philosophy]]. He noted that the four terrestrial classical elements were subject to change and naturally moved linearly. The first element however, located in the celestial regions and heavenly bodies, moved circularly and had none of the qualities the terrestrial classical elements had. It was neither hot nor cold, neither wet nor dry. With this addition the system of elements was extended to five and later commentators started referring to the new first one as the fifth and also called it ''aether'', a word that Aristotle had not used.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hahm |first1=David E. |title=The fifth element in Aristotle's ''De Philosophia'': A Critical Re-Examination |journal=The Journal of Hellenic Studies |date=1982 |volume=102 |pages=60–74 |doi=10.2307/631126|jstor=631126 }}</ref>

Aether differed from the four terrestrial elements; it was incapable of motion of quality or motion of quantity. Aether was only capable of local motion. Aether naturally moved in circles, and had no contrary, or unnatural, motion. Aristotle also noted that [[w:celestial spheres]] made of aether held the stars and planets. The idea of aethereal spheres moving with natural circular motion led to Aristotle's explanation of the observed orbits of stars and planets in perfectly circular motion.


=== Quintessence (Physics) ===
In [[w:physics]], '''quintessence''' is a [[w:hypothesis|hypothetical]] form of [[w:dark energy]], more precisely a [[w:scalar field]], postulated  as an explanation of the observation  of an [[w:accelerating universe|accelerating rate of expansion]] of the universe. It has been proposed by some physicists to be a [[w:fifth force|fifth fundamental force]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Carroll | first = S.M. | year = 1998 | title = Quintessence and the Rest of the World: Suppressing Long-Range Interactions | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume = 81 | issue = 15 | pages =  3067–3070 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3067 |arxiv = astro-ph/9806099 |bibcode = 1998PhRvL..81.3067C }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~wetterich/DEBarcelona0706.pdf |title = Quintessence --a fifth force from variation of the fundamental scale|first = C. |last = Wetterich|publisher = Heidelberg University}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url = http://cds.cern.ch/record/515241/files/0108217.pdf|title = Changing α With Time: Implications For Fifth-Force-Type Experiments And Quintessence|first1= Gia|last1= Dvali |first2=Matias|last2=  Zaldarriaga |journal = Physical Review Letters|year = 2002|volume = 88|issue = 9|pages = 091303|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.091303|pmid = 11863992|arxiv = hep-ph/0108217|bibcode = 2002PhRvL..88i1303D|s2cid = 32730355}}</ref><ref>Cicoli, Michele; Pedro, Francisco G.; Tasinato, Gianmassimo (23 July 2012). [https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.6655 "Natural Quintessence in String Theory"] &ndash; via arXiv.org.</ref>




== Quintessence as a Planck unit ==
{{main|Simulation_argument_(coding_Planck_units)#Geometrical_objects}}
Assigning geometrical objects to the Planck units via 2 [[w:dimensionless physical constant | dimensionless physical constants]], the [[w:fine-structure constant | fine structure constant ''α'']] and [[v:Simulation_argument_(coding_Planck_units)#Omega | Omega ''Ω'']] and by setting a mathematical relationship '''u<sup>n</sup>''' between them, we can construct this table.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Geometrical units
! Attribute
! Geometrical object
! Relationship
|-
| [[w:Quintessence |Quintessence]]  
| <math>Q = 2\pi\Omega</math>  
| <math>unit = u^{1} = u</math>
|-
| mass 
| <math>M = 1</math>  
| <math>unit = u^{15}</math>
|-
| time 
| <math>T = 2\pi</math>  
| <math>unit = u^{-30}</math>
|-
| length  
| <math>L = 2\pi^2\Omega^2</math> 
| <math>unit = u^{-13}</math>
|-
| speed of light  
| <math>V = 2\pi\Omega^2</math> 
| <math>unit = u^{17}</math>
|-
| ampere 
| <math>A = \frac{2^6 \pi^3 \Omega^3}{\alpha}</math> 
| <math>unit = u^3</math>
|}


From these relationships, we note that certain ratios of units cancel and become unit-less
:<math>\frac{u^{3*3} u^{-13*3}}{u^{-30}} = \frac{u^{-13*15}}{u^{15*9} u^{-30*11}} \;...\; = 1</math>


=== SI units (derivations) ===
Setting 2 unit-less ratios (x, y) in terms of MLT:

:<math>u,\; units = \sqrt{\frac{L}{M T}}</math>

:<math>x,\;units = \sqrt{\frac{M^9 T^{11}}{L^{15}}} = u^0 = 1 </math>

:<math>y,\;units = M^2T = u^0 = 1</math>


Gives the units for the dimensioned constants;

:<math>u^3 = \frac{L^{3/2}}{M^{3/2} T^{3/2}} = A</math> (Ampere)

:<math>u^6 (y) = L^3/T^2 M,\; (G)</math> Gravitation constant

:<math>u^{13} (xy) = 1/L,\; (1/l_p)</math> Planck length

:<math>u^{15} (xy^2) = M,\; (m_P)</math> Planck mass

:<math>u^{17} (xy^2) = V,\; (c)</math> speed of light

:<math>u^{19} (xy^3) = ML^2/T,\; (h)</math> Planck constant

:<math>u^{27} (x^2y^3) = \frac{M^{3/2}\sqrt{T}}{L^{3/2}} = 1/AT,\;(e)</math> elementary charge

:<math>u^{29} (x^2y^4) = \frac{M^{5/2}\sqrt{T}}{\sqrt{L}} = ML/AT,\; (k_B)</math> Boltzmann's constant

:<math>u^{30} (x^2 y^3) = 1/T,\; (1/t_p)</math> Planck time



=== SI constants (derivations) ===
{{main|Simulation_argument_(coding_Planck_units)#Scalars}}
To convert to the SI unit values we need 2 scalars, here are used '''r''' and '''v''', numerically

:<math>v = 11843707.9...</math>

:<math>r = .712562514... </math>


Assigning (with ''i'' as the numerical ''x'' and ''j'' as the numerical ''y'' from above)

:<math>Q = 2\pi\Omega \frac{v}{r^2},\; unit = u</math>

:<math>i = \frac{1}{2\pi {(2\pi \Omega)}^{15}},\; unit = 1</math>

:<math>j = \frac{r^{17}}{v^8},\; unit = 1</math>


Gives

:<math>A = Q^3 (\frac{2^3}{\alpha}) = \frac{2^6 \pi^3 \Omega^3}{\alpha}\frac{v^3}{r^6},\; u^3</math>

:<math>G = \frac{Q^6}{2^3 \pi^2}  (j) = 2^3 \pi^4 \Omega^6 \frac{r^5}{v^2},\; u^6</math>

:<math>L^{-1} = 4\pi Q^{13} (ij) = \frac{1}{2\pi^2 \Omega^2} \frac{v^5}{r^9},\; u^{13}</math>

:<math>M = 2\pi Q^{15} (ij^2) = \frac{r^4}{v},\; u^{15}</math>

:<math>P = Q^{16} (ij^2) = \Omega r^2,\; u^{16}</math>

:<math>V = Q^{17} (ij^2) = 2\pi \Omega^2 v,\; u^{17}</math>

:<math>h = \pi Q^{19} (ij^3) = 8\pi^4 \Omega^4 \frac{r^{13}}{v^5},\; u^{19}</math>

:<math>e^{-1} = \frac{\alpha \pi Q^{27} (i^2j^3)}{4} = \frac{\alpha}{128\pi^4 \Omega^3} \frac{v^3}{r^{3}},\; u^{27}

</math>

:<math>k_B = \frac{\alpha \pi^2 Q^{29}(i^2j^4)}{4} = \frac{\alpha}{32 \pi \Omega} \frac{r^{10}}{v^3},\; u^{29}</math>

:<math>T^{-1} = 2\pi Q^{30} (i^2 j^3) = \frac{1}{2\pi}\frac{v^6}{r^9},\; u^{30}</math>



=== Solutions ===
{{main|Simulation_argument_(coding_Planck_units)#Physical_constants}}
Solving for these constants using '''α, Ω, r, v'''


{| class="wikitable"
|+Physical constants; geometrical vs experimental (CODATA)
! Constant
! In Planck units
! Geometrical object
! Calculated (r, v, Ω, α<sup>*</sup>)
! SI CODATA 2014 <ref>[http://www.codata.org/] | CODATA, The Committee on Data for Science and Technology | (2014)</ref>
|-
| [[w:Speed of light | Speed of light]]
| V
|  <math>c^* = (2\pi\Omega^2)v,\;u^{17} </math> 
| ''c<sup>*</sup>'' = 299 792 458, unit = u<sup>17</sup> 
| ''c'' =  299 792 458 (exact)
|-
| [[w:Fine structure constant | Fine structure constant]]
|  
| 
| ''α<sup>*</sup>'' = 137.035 999 139 (mean)
| ''α'' = 137.035 999 139(31)
|-
| [[w:Rydberg constant | Rydberg constant]]
| <math>R^* = (\frac{m_e}{4 \pi L \alpha^2 M})</math>  
| <math>R^* = \frac{1}{2^{23} 3^3 \pi^{11} \alpha^5 \Omega^{17}}\frac{v^5}{r^9},\;u^{13} </math> 
| ''R<sup>*</sup>'' = 10 973 731.568 508, unit = u<sup>13</sup>  
| ''R'' = 10 973 731.568 508(65)
|-
| [[w:Vacuum permeability | Vacuum permeability]]
| <math>\mu_0^* = \frac{\pi V^2 M}{\alpha L A^2}</math> 
| <math>\mu_0^* = \frac{\alpha}{2^{11} \pi^5 \Omega^4} r^7,\; u^{17*2+15+13-6=7*8=56}</math>
| ''μ<sub>0</sub><sup>*</sup>'' = 4π/10^7, unit = u<sup>56</sup> 
| ''μ<sub>0</sub>'' = 4π/10^7 (exact)
|-
| [[w:Planck constant | Planck constant]]
| <math>h^* = 2 \pi M V L</math>
| <math>h^* = 2^3 \pi^4 \Omega^4 \frac{r^{13}}{v^5},\; u^{15+17-13 = 8*13-17*5 = 19}</math>
| ''h<sup>*</sup>'' = 6.626 069 134 e-34, unit = u<sup>19</sup> 
| ''h'' = 6.626 070 040(81) e-34
|-
| [[w:Gravitational constant | Gravitational constant]]
| <math>G^* = \frac{V^2 L}{M}</math>
| <math>G^* = 2^3 \pi^4 \Omega^6 \frac{r^5}{v^2},\; u^{34-13-15 = 8*5-17*2 = 6}</math> 
| ''G<sup>*</sup>'' =  6.672 497 192 29 e11, unit = u<sup>6</sup>
| ''G'' = 6.674 08(31) e-11
|-
| [[w:Elementary charge | Elementary charge]]
| <math>e^* = A T</math>
| <math>e^* = \frac{2^7 \pi^4 \Omega^3}{\alpha}\frac{r^3}{v^3},\; u^{3-30=3*8-17*3=-27}</math>
| ''e<sup>*</sup>'' = 1.602 176 511 30 e-19, unit = u<sup>-19</sup>
| ''e'' = 1.602 176 620 8(98) e-19
|-
| [[w:Boltzmann constant | Boltzmann constant]]
| <math>k_B^* = \frac{\pi V M}{A}</math> 
| <math>k_B^* = \frac{\alpha}{2^5 \pi \Omega} \frac{r^{10}}{v^3},\; u^{17+15-3=10*8-17*3=29}</math> 
| ''k<sub>B</sub><sup>*</sup>'' = 1.379 510 147 52 e-23, unit = u<sup>29</sup>
| ''k<sub>B</sub>'' = 1.380 648 52(79) e-23
|-
| [[w:Electron mass | Electron mass]]
| 
| <math>m_e^* = \frac{M}{f_e},\; u^{15}</math> 
| ''m<sub>e</sub><sup>*</sup>'' = 9.109 382 312 56 e-31, unit = u<sup>15</sup>
| ''m<sub>e</sub>'' = 9.109 383 56(11) e-31
|-
| [[w:Classical electron radius | Classical electron radius]]
|  
| <math>\lambda_e^* = 2\pi L f_e,\; u^{-13}</math>  
| ''λ<sub>e</sub><sup>*</sup>'' = 2.426 310 2366 e-12, unit = u<sup>-13</sup>
| ''λ<sub>e</sub>'' = 2.426 310 236 7(11) e-12
|-
| [[w:Planck mass | Planck mass]]
| M
| <math>m_P^* = (1)\frac{r^4}{v} ,\; u^{15} </math>
| ''m<sub>P</sub><sup>*</sup>'' =  .217 672 817 580 e-7, unit = u<sup>15</sup>
| ''m<sub>P</sub>'' = .217 647 0(51) e-7
|-
| [[w:Planck length | Planck length]]
| L 
| <math>l_p^* = (2\pi^2\Omega^2)\frac{r^9}{v^5},\;u^{-13} </math> 
| ''l<sub>p</sub><sup>*</sup>'' = .161 603 660 096 e-34, unit = u<sup>-13</sup>
| ''l<sub>p</sub>'' = .161 622 9(38) e-34
|-
| [[w:Planck time | Planck time]]
| T
| <math>t_p^* = (2\pi)\frac{r^9}{v^6} ,\; u^{-30} </math>
| ''t<sub>p</sub><sup>*</sup>'' = 5.390 517 866 e-44, unit = u<sup>-30</sup>
| ''t<sub>p</sub>'' = 5.391 247(60) e-44
|-
| [[w:Ampere | Ampere]]
| A
| <math>A^* = \frac{2^6\pi^3\Omega^3}{\alpha}\frac{v^3}{r^6} ,\; u^3 </math>
| A^* = 0.148 610 6299 e25, unit = u<sup>3</sup>
| 
|}
 


=== Conclusion ===
In the Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants <ref> Michael J. Duff, Lev B. Okun and Gabriele Veneziano, Journal of High Energy Physics, Volume 2002, JHEP03(2002)</ref> was debated the number of fundamental constants required by the universe. In terms of dimensioned constants (alpha and Omega are dimensionless) it appears that 1 (Quintessence) is required as from this unit the 4 mksa units can be derived. 




== External links == 
* [[v:Simulation_hypothesis_(Planck_scale) | Planck scale Simulation Hypothesis modelling]]
* [[v:Simulation_argument_(coding_Planck_units) | Programming Planck mass, space, time for Simulation Hypothesis modelling]]
* [[v:God_(programmer) | Is God a Programmer?]]
* [http://www.codingthecosmos.com/ The Source Code of God, a programming approach using geometrical objects] -online resource
* [http://www.simulation-argument.com/ Simulation Argument] -Nick Bostrom's website
* [https://www.amazon.com/Our-Mathematical-Universe-Ultimate-Reality/dp/0307599809 Our Mathematical Universe: My Quest for the Ultimate Nature of Reality] -Max Tegmark
* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0202289308020011/ Dirac-Kerr-Newman black-hole electron] -Alexander Burinskii
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/ The Matrix, (1999)]
* [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pythagoras/ Pythagoras "all is number"] - Stanford University
* [[w:Simulation Hypothesis | Simulation Hypothesis]]
* [[w:Mathematical universe hypothesis | Mathematical universe hypothesis]]
* [[w:Philosophy of mathematics | Philosophy of mathematics]]
* [[w:Philosophy of physics | Philosophy of physics]]
* [[w:Platonism | Platonism]]


== References == 
{{Reflist}}


[[Category: Physics]]
[[Category: Philosophy of science]]