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Using each configuration of the problems above and representative wavelengths for submillimeter, microwave, and radi * [[Problems/Astronomy]] ...

* [[Radiation astromathematics problems]] [[Category:Abstractions/Problems]] ...

...egree of different types of stress responses (reactions). Some measurement instruments measure both these aspects (Gadzella, 1991). In addition, university-relate # Interpersonal conflicts, Self-esteem problems, and Money problems (CCLSS; Towbes & Cohen, 1996) ...

...se laws; it reduces all physical researches on the propagation of heat, to problems of the integral calculus whose elements are given by experiment. No subject ...n. The following examples will more clearly make known the nature of these problems. ...

| title = Problems of relative growth ...ndividual laboratories should have their own lab ranges to account for the instruments used in the laboratory. ...

...apiens'' <ref name='ICB87'/>. Novel approaches to solving the realization problems of Relational Biology models in Complex System Biology are introduced in te ...um Nano--Automata (QNA): Microphysical Measurements with Microphysical QNA Instruments, [http://documents.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=preprint&categ=ext&id=ext-2 ...

===21-Circuits, Bioelectricity, and DC Instruments=== {{hidden begin}} <nowiki>===26-Vision and Optical Instruments===<section begin=26-Vision_and_Optical_Instruments/>*foo<section end=26-Vis ...

..._spectroradiometer|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]] (MODIS) instruments on NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites, is a very practicable and easily usabl ...found a significant relation between the exposure to pesticides and health problems such as chronical diseases like kidney insufficiency. Those who spread out ...

The measuring instruments can include electronic clock, measuring light grids, etc., which are the st ...tion/272622631_Absolute_Main_principles Absolute. Main principles]. Modern problems of statistical physics, Vol. 6, pp. 111-134 (2007). Published in NNGU; in R ...

...microwave background experiments is a very challenging task. The greatest problems are: ...is rather difficult to observe the microwave background with ground-based instruments. CMB research therefore makes increasing use of air and space-borne experim ...

...year period of Jupiter's perihelion dominates the results. This has caused problems for several researchers in this field."<ref name=Tomes>{{ cite journal ...isphere (Arctic) sea ice extent — which is measured from passive microwave instruments onboard NOAA satellites — averaged for February 2016 was 14.22 million squa ...

...tient if benefits or costs are immediate. Procrastination and self-control problems can be explained using time-inconsistent preferences. For example, when you ==== Problems with discounting ==== ...

...g and solving complex problems is very small compared with the size of the problems whose solution is required for objectively rational behaviour in the real w ...alizing as the initial intuition can work sufficiently to move on to other problems. ...

...um Nano--Automata (QNA): Microphysical Measurements with Microphysical QNA Instruments, ...ions and Applications: Axiomatization and Education. New Programs and Open Problems in the Foundation of Mathematics.", Bullentin of Symbolic Logic, 9, 2, 213- ...

It is known that the Big Bang theory has a number of unsolved problems, <ref name="fed"> [[User:Fedosin |Fedosin S.G.]] (1999), written at Perm, p ...</math> is the angular frequency of the quantum wave, measured by spectral instruments. The meaning of this formula is that the quantum energy is proportional to ...

.... But this naive interpretation has been avoided because of the formidable problems incurred by the apparently complete nonpolarity of gravity and the absence ...nals received by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory (LIGO) instruments at Hanford, Washington (left) and Livingston, Louisiana (right) and compari ...

...w:numerical method|numerical method]]s and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve electrically conducting fluids. Most of the methods used in CM ...s are weakly compressible, but could nevertheless be observed with imaging instruments as periodic standing or propagating displacements of coronal structures, e. ...

...um Nano--Automata (QNA): Microphysical Measurements with Microphysical QNA Instruments, ''CERN Preprint EXT--2004--125'' . ...ions and Applications: Axiomatization and Education. New Programs and Open Problems in the Foundation of Mathematics, ''Bulletin of Symbolic Logic'' , 9, 2, 21 ...

"One of [...] the outstanding problems of the outer atmosphere of the Sun is the identification of the physical me ...ps are highly radiating sources of plasma and therefore easy to observe by instruments such as ''TRACE''; they are highly observable ''laboratories'' to study phe ...

[[Image:SDO first light.png|thumb|right|250px|"Soon after the instruments opened their doors, the Sun began performing for SDO with this beautiful pr ...d X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) instruments aboard Hinode reveal that ultra-hot plasma is widespread in solar active re ...